A Critical Review on Engineering of d-Mannitol Crystals: Properties, Applications, and Polymorphic Control

d-mannitol is a common six-carbon sugar alcohol, which widely used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Polymorphism defined as the ability of materials to crystallize into different crystal structures. It has been reported for long time that three polymorphs: β, δ, α. These polymorphs have unique physicochemical properties, thus affecting industrial applications d-mannitol. In this review, we firstly introduced characteristics polymorphs, e.g., structure, morphology, molecular conformational energy, stability, solubility analytical techniques polymorphisms. Then, described strategies preparation crystals focused on polymorphic control products. Furthermore, factors formation polymorphisms were summarized. Finally, application mannitol polymorphism was The purpose paper provide new ideas more personalized design various applications, especially pharmaceutical excipient. Meanwhile, theoretical overview transformation may shed some light study polycrystalline materials.